Chicago Manual of Style
For students, using “Chicago style” usually means putting notes and bibliographies into the formats laid out in The Chicago Manual of Style or in Kate Turabian’s Manual for Writers. For advanced students and professional writers, it can also mean following Chicago’s rules for capitalizing and punctuation, for setting up tables and writing figure captions or lists, and for managing almost any other aspect of writing almost any kind of document.
Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties:
- notes and bibliography - this style is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. The notes and bibliography system can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system.
- author-date - this style is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.
Refer to the Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide for details on each system.
- Chicago Manual of StyleThe official website of the Chicago Manual of Style with a citation quick guide, video tutorials, and resources for teachers and students.
- Chicago Notes & Bibliography Style HandoutExamples of Chicago Style 17th ed
- Example of Chicago paper formattingA mock paper with Chicago formatting
- NSU Writing Center Tip Sheet, Chicago Manual of Style, 17th EditionA tip sheet on the basics of Chicago Manual of Style basics.
The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition by Call Number: Z253.U69 2017 ReferenceISBN: 9780226287058Publication Date: 2017-09-05The Chicago Manual of Style remains a resource for those who care about getting the details right.
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition by Call Number: LB2369.T8 ReferenceISBN: 9780226430577Publication Date: 2018-04-16When Kate L. Turabian first put her famous guidelines to paper, she could hardly have imagined the world in which today's students would be conducting research. Yet while the ways in which we research and compose papers may have changed, the fundamentals remain the same: writers need to have a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite their sources, and structure their work in a logical way.
Chicago AI Citation and Disclosure Guidance
The Chicago Manual of Style has specific guidelines for using and citing the involvement of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity to name a few. When using any AI tool, make sure that their use is allowed. There may be different policies on the permitted involvement of AI in academic work based on the individual assignment, your professor, your course, or the university. Additionally, there may be restrictions on AI use for professional writing such as journalism and scholarly publication. If the use of an AI tool is permitted and you choose to use one, Chicago Style requires adherence to specific disclosure and citation rules. For detailed information and specific examples, visit The Chicago Manual of Style Q&A