Publication Manual,7th Edition of the American Psychological Association by Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020 Ready Reference, located behind the Information Desk on the 1st floor of the libraryISBN: 9781433832154Publication Date: 2019Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style.
6th Edition vs. 7th Edition
The most common APA versions used are the 6th and 7th editions. They have distinct differences, so make sure you confirm which version your professor requires.
APA 6 & 7 Comparison Tables by Walden University.
How to Cite Using APA Style
Developed by the American Psychological Association (APA), the APA style is widely used in the social science, management, humanities, and natural sciences.
APA Style and Grammar Guidelines gives an overview of writing in the APA style including paper format, in-text citations & References, mechanics of style & grammar, bias-free language, and tables & figures.
APA Style and Grammar Guidelines - Reference Examples offers a handy introduction to citing in APA format. Scroll down to find examples of correct citations for different types of sources.
The APA Style Blog can help you with tough citation questions that might not be covered elsewhere.
In-text Citation
The in-text component of APA citation includes two main elements: the author's last name and the year of the publication (Ross, 1997), and a third: the page number, whenever quoting directly or paraphrasing a specific section of the text (Ross, 1997, p. 2). For more than one author, list the names in the order they appear in the source (it may not be in alphabetical order).
Reference List
The list of references on your paper's last page is titled "References" and should be arranged in alphabetical order by first authors' last names. References that continue on more than one line should have a hanging indent.
| Type of Entry | Sample |
|---|---|
| Book (physical) | AuthorLastName, Initials. (YYYY). Title of book. Publisher. |
| Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Houghton Mifflin. | |
| Book (electronic) | AuthorLastName, initials. (YYYY). Title of book. Publisher. URL |
| Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000 |
|
| Journal (physical) | AuthorLastName, A. B., AuthorLastName, C. D., & AuthorLastName, E. F. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume number(issue number), page numbers. |
| Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. |
|
| Journal (electronic) | AuthorLastName, A. B., AuthorLastName, C. D., & AuthorLastName, E. F. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume number(issue number), page numbers. DOI or URL |
| David, M. E., & Roberts, J. A. (2023). Me, myself, and I: Self-centeredness, FOMO, and social media use. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 56(4), 345- 353. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000382 |
|
| Website | AuthorLastName, Initials. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL |
| Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist- 3af27e312d01 |
If date is unknown use: (n.d.)
- APA Basic TutorialA free tutorial for those who are new to APA style created by the American Psychological Association.
- APA Inclusive Language Guide, 2nd editionThe guide is written to raise awareness, direct learning, and support the use of culturally sensitive terms and phrases that center the voices and perspectives of those who have been historically marginalized or stereotyped. The guide also explains the origins of problematic terms and phrases and offers suitable, more contemporary alternatives.
The 2nd edition changes reflect our assessment of the current research at the time of publication and include additional guidance and more comprehensive definitions concerning gender-inclusive pregnancy-related language, neurodiversity, religious discrimination, and weight stigma. We also updated our guidance around avoiding conversational language that may contribute to microaggressions. However, this guide is neither exhaustive nor definitive because language evolves over time. - APA Style for BeginnersThis page is your gateway to getting started with APA Style, the writing style that helps you communicate clearly, precisely, and inclusively.
- Purdue OWL | APA StyleLearn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This site contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.
APA AI Citation and Disclosure Guidance
The APA Style has specific guidelines for using and citing the involvement of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity to name a few. When using any AI tool, make sure that their use is allowed. There may be different policies on the permitted involvement of AI in academic work based on the individual assignment, your professor, your course, or the university. Additionally, there may be restrictions on AI use for professional writing such as journalism and scholarly publication. If the use of an AI tool is permitted and you choose to use one, APA Style requires adherence to specific disclosure and citation rules. For detailed guidance and specific examples, visit the APA Style Blog.