Chicago Manual of Style
For students, using “Chicago style” usually means putting notes and bibliographies into the formats laid out in The Chicago Manual of Style or in Kate Turabian’s Manual for Writers. For advanced students and professional writers, it can also mean following Chicago’s rules for capitalizing and punctuation, for setting up tables and writing figure captions or lists, and for managing almost any other aspect of writing almost any kind of document.
Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties:
- notes and bibliography - this style is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. The notes and bibliography system can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system.
- author-date - this style is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.
Refer to the Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide for details on each system.
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Chicago Manual of StyleThe official website of the Chicago Manual of Style with a citation quick guide, video tutorials, and resources for teachers and students.
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Chicago Notes & Bibliography Style HandoutExamples of Chicago Style 17th ed
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Example of Chicago paper formattingA mock paper with Chicago formatting
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NSU Writing Center Tip Sheet, Chicago Manual of Style, 17th EditionA tip sheet on the basics of Chicago Manual of Style basics.
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The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition
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Call Number: READY REFERENCE Z253 .U69 2024ISBN: 9780226817972Publication Date: 2024Every chapter has been reexamined with diversity and accessibility in mind, and major changes include updated and expanded coverage of pronoun use and inclusive language, revised guidelines on capitalization, a broader range of examples, new coverage of Indigenous languages, and expanded advice on making publications accessible to people with disabilities. The Manual's traditional focus on nonfiction has been expanded to include fiction and other creative genres in coverage of topics such as punctuation and dialogue, and the needs of self-published authors receive wider attention. The citation chapters have been reorganized and the key concepts for editing mathematics have been integrated into the chapters where they will be most useful to generalists. Evolving technologies--from open-access publishing models to AI--are covered throughout. There are some well-considered updates to familiar rules, including changes intended to align the Manual's recommendations more closely with real-world usage. -
The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition
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Call Number: Z253.U69 2017 ReferenceISBN: 9780226287058Publication Date: 2017-09-05The seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style has been prepared with an eye toward how we find, create, and cite information that readers are as likely to access from their pockets as from a bookshelf. It offers updated guidelines on electronic workflows and publication formats, tools for PDF annotation and citation management, web accessibility standards, and effective use of metadata, abstracts, and keywords. It recognizes the needs of those who are self-publishing or following open access or Creative Commons publishing models. The citation chapters reflect the ever-expanding universe of electronic sources--including social media posts and comments, private messages, and app content--and also offer updated guidelines on such issues as DOIs, time stamps, and e-book locators-- Jacket Copy -
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition
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Call Number: LB2369.T8 ReferenceISBN: 9780226430577Publication Date: 2018-04-16Kate L. Turabian guidelines to writing papers. Helping writers have a strong research question, construct an evidence-based argument, cite their sources, and structure their work in a logical way.
Chicago AI Citation and Disclosure Guidance
The Chicago Manual of Style has specific guidelines for using and citing the involvement of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity to name a few. When using any AI tool, make sure that their use is allowed. There may be different policies on the permitted involvement of AI in academic work based on the individual assignment, your professor, your course, or the university. Additionally, there may be restrictions on AI use for professional writing such as journalism and scholarly publication. If the use of an AI tool is permitted and you choose to use one, Chicago Style requires adherence to specific disclosure and citation rules. For detailed information and specific examples, visit The Chicago Manual of Style Q&A
The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition mentions AI in two sections:
3.38 Crediting adapted material. If the illustration was created by or with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), that fact should be noted in the credit.
Fig. 3. Image generated by DALL*E 2, April 7, 2023, from the prompt "An ornate bookshelf with a portal into another dimension."
14.112 Citing AI-generated content. Authors who have relied on content generated by a chatbot or similar AI tool must make it clear how the tool has been used (either in the text or in a preface or the like). Any specific content, whether quoted or paraphrased, should be cited where it occurs, either in the text or in a note. Like personal communications (see 14.111) and social media posts (see 14.106), chatbot conversations are not usually included in a bibliography or reference list (but see below). In the first three examples that follow, ChatGPT is the author of the content (though not in the traditional sense), and OpenAI is the publisher or developer. The URL points to a publicly archived copy of the conversation (see also 13.6, 13.17). Include the date the content was generated in addition to a version number. If the AI-generated text has been edited or adapted in any way, this fact should be acknowledged in the text or in the note (as in example note 2).
Cited in the text:
The following recipe for pizza dough was generated on December 9, 2023, by ChatGPT-3.5.
Cited in a note:
1. Text generated by ChatGPT-3.5, OpenAI, December 9, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/share/90b8137d-ff1c-4c0c-b123-2868623c4ae2.
A prompt, if not included in the text, may be added to the note. Multiple prompts (as in an extended conversation) may be summarized.
2. Response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” ChatGPT-3.5, Open AI, December 9, 2023, edited for style and accuracy.
If for any reason an AI conversation is included in a bibliography or reference list, cite it under the name of the publisher or developer rather than the name of the tool and include a publicly available URL (see also 14.104).
Google. Response to “How many copyeditors does it take to fix a book-length manuscript?” Gemini 1.0, February 10, 2024. https://g.co/gemini/share/cccc26abdc19.